Burj Khalife, Dubai Downtown
Described as both a ‘Vertical City’ and ‘A Living Wonder,’ Burj Khalifa, developed by Dubai-based Emaar Properties PJSC, is the world’s tallest building and described as a ‘Global Icon’ by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, an honor bestowed on tall structures only once in 10 or 15 years. Rising gracefully from the desert, Burj Khalifa honors the city with its extraordinary union of art, engineering and meticulous craftsmanship. At 828 meters (2,716.5 ft), the 200 plus storey Burj Khalifa has 160 habitable levels, the most of any building in the world. The tower was inaugurated on January 4, 2010, to coincide with the fourth anniversary of the Accession Day of His Highness Sheikh Mohammed Bin Rashid Al Maktoum as the Ruler of Dubai. Arguably the world’s most prestigious address, Burj Khalifa is responsible for a number of world-firsts. The tower became the world’s tallest man-made structure just 1,325 days after excavation work started in January 2004. Burj Khalifa utilized a record-breaking 330,000 cubic meters of concrete; 39,000 tonnes of steel reinforcement; 103,000 square meters of glass; and 15,500 square meters of embossed stainless steel. The tower took 22 million man-hours to build. With a total built-up area of 5.67 million square feet, Burj Khalifa features 1.85 million square feet of residential space and over 300,000 square feet of prime office space. That is in addition to the area occupied by the Armani Hotel Dubai and the Armani Residences. The tower offers luxurious recreational and leisure facilities including four swimming pools, excluding the pool in the hotel, lounges for homeowners and office owners, health and wellness facilities, a public observation deck and At.mosphere, the world’s highest fine-dining restaurant on Level 122 that is scheduled to open early 2011. The Armani Hotel Dubai opened doors to the world on April 27, 2010, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony by fashion maestro Giorgio Armani and Mohamed Alabbar, Chairman of Emaar Properties. The hotel is home to eight unique dining experiences including Armani/Privé, an upscale lounge. The hotel additionally features the world’s first in-hotel Armani/SPA and retail offerings – Armani/Dolci, an elegant Italian sweets shop; Armani/Fiori for flower arrangements with a difference; and an Armani/ Galleria boutique for fashion accessories from the Armani Privé collection. The At the Top, Burj Khalifa observation decks on levels 148, 125 and124 are a must-see attraction and offer breathtaking views of the city and the surrounding emirates. Over 1,000 pieces of art by prominent International and Middle Eastern artists adorn the interiors of Burj Khalifa and the surrounding Emaar Boulevard. Many of the pieces have been specially commissioned by Emaar as a tribute to the spirit of global harmony. With the opening of Armani Hotel Dubai and the handover of homes in Armani Residences, and owners moving into The Residence and The Corporate Suites, Burj Khalifa has now come to life – indeed, a true living wonder. In 2011, Dubai welcomed the New Year with an unprecedented spectacle – the world’s highest fireworks at Burj Khalifa. The celebration, which also marked the first anniversary of the grand inauguration of Burj Khalifa, was the centre of attention for a global audience as it marked New Year’s Eve with a spectacular laser-lights-fireworks show, attended by over 600,000 people and telecast live to over 2 billion people around the world. TALLEST OF THE TALL Burj Khalifa is ranked number one all three criteria for tall buildings of the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH). The CTBUH ranks the world’s tallest buildings based on ‘Height to Architectural Top,’ ‘Height to Highest Occupied Floor’ and ‘Height to Tip.’ Height to Architectural Top: • Burj Khalifa – 828 metres (2,717 ft) • Taipei 101, Taiwan – 508 metres (1,667 ft) • Shanghai World Financial Centre, China – 492 metres (1,614 ft) • Petronas Towers, Malaysia – 452 metres (1,483 ft) Height to Highest Occupied Floor: • Burj Khalifa – 535 metres (1,918 ft) • Shanghai World Financial Centre, China – 474 metres (1,555 ft) • Taipei 101, Taiwan – 438 metres (1,437 ft) • Willis Tower, Chicago – 413 metres (1,354 ft) Height to Tip: • Burj Khalifa – 828 metres (2,716.5 ft) • Willis Tower, Chicago – 527 metres (1,729 ft) • Taipei 101, Taiwan – 508 metres (1,667 ft) • Shanghai World Financial Centre, China – 494 metres (1,622 ft) WORLD RECORDS Burj Khalifa holds the following world records: • Tallest building in the world – surpassing Taipei 101 in Taiwan, which at 508 metres (1,667 ft) had held the title of the ‘tallest building in the world’ since it opened in 2004 • Tallest man-made structure in the world – surpassing the KVLY-TV mast in North Dakota, USA, which stands at 628.8 metres (2,063 ft) • Tallest free-standing structure in the world – breaking the 31-year-old record of CN Tower, which stands at 553.33 metres (1,815.5 ft) • Largest number of storeys in the world – 200 plus with 160 habitable storeys • Highest occupied floor in the world – Level 160 • Highest outdoor observation deck in the world – Level 124 • World record for vertical concrete pumping – 605 metres, beating the previous record held by Taipei 101 (448 metres or 1,470 ft) • Tallest service elevator in the world – 504 metres (1,654 ft), more than the height of Taipei 101 (448 metres) and almost one-and-a-half times that of the Empire State Building in New York (381 metres) • World record for the highest installation of an aluminium and glass façade • World’s highest swimming pool on Level 76 (over 270 metres; over 885 ft)
A LOOK INSIDE: THE MAIN COMPONENTS OF THE TOWER Total built-up area – 5.76 million sq ft • The Residence (900 homes) Levels – 19 to 37; 43 to 72; 76 to 108 Sky Lobby – Levels 43 to 44; 76 to 77 • The Corporate Suites (37 floors) Levels – 112 to 121; 125 to 154 The Corporate Suites/Residential Lounge – Level 123 • Armani Hotel Dubai (160 rooms) Levels – concourse, ground, and Levels 1 to 8; 38 to 39 • Armani Residences (144 suites) Levels – 9 to 16 • At the Top, Burj Khalifa SKY Level 148 • At the Top,Burj Khalifa Level 125 and 124 • Leisure and other Amenities Parking – Levels – B1 and B2 Swimming pools (five) – Armani Hotel, The Club [Concourse], The Club rooftop, Level 43 and Level 76 Cigar Club – Level 1 Library – Level 123 Health club – The Club – annexure At.mosphere – Level 122 Armani/SPA – Level 3 The Residence The world’s most prestigious address is home to a select few. With 900 residences including studios and one, two, three and four-bedroom apartments, The Residence, Burj Khalifa are designed for the connoisseur. The homes are spread over levels 19-108 of the tower, and the first residents are currently moving in. The lobby reception area will feature World Voices, an intriguing installation by renowned artist Jaume Plensa. Composed of 196 cymbals representing the 196 countries of the world, it symbolizes the global collaboration that made Burj Khalifa a reality.For the convenience of homeowners, the tower is divided into sections with exclusive Sky Lobbies on Levels 43, 76 and 123. There are state-of-the-art fitness facilities including jacuzzis on Levels 43 and 76. The Sky Lobbies on 43 and 76 both have swimming pools and a recreational room that can be utilised for special gatherings and receptions. The Corporate Suites The Corporate Suites are located on the highest levels of the tower. They occupy 37 floors, with the top three floors merged into a single office. The entrance lobby is at the Concourse of the tower. In addition to valet parking, express lifts take office visitors directly to a lounge lobby at Level 123. Armani Hotel Dubai The world-first Armani Hotel Dubai opened doors to the world on April 27, 2010. From the room designs to the carefully selected textiles and fabrics, to the impeccable service, every aspect of the Armani hotel experience will bear the signature of fashion legend Giorgio Armani. Armani Hotel Dubai targets connoisseurs, who value excellence, understated style and elegance. Offering 160 guest rooms and suites, restaurants and a spa, Armani Hotel Dubai brings to life the Stay with Armani promise, an exceptional lifestyle experience defined by the highest standards of aesthetics and service excellence. Armani Residences Dubai Armani Residences Dubai has been designed personally by Giorgio Armani, and is a reflection of his personal approach to elegance and style. Located on levels 9 to 16, the 144 one and two-bedroom suites, highlight Armani’s smooth, understated style combined with space and furnishings that focus on the compatibility of materials, form and lighting, in a superb, softly luminous setting. In addition to the full access to services offered by the Armani Hotel Dubai such as concierge, 24/7 room service, housekeeping, library, spa, gym and swimming pool, residents of Armani Residences also have access to recreational facilities and entertainment venues within Burj Khalifa. The first residents have moved into Armani Residences Dubai.
Leisure and Retail Burj Khalifa has a variety of lifestyle amenities offering a myriad of choices for residents, guests and visitors. The recreational facilities and entertainment venues include luxurious swimming pools, exclusive residents’ lounge and a lounge for The Corporate Suites owners, serviced residences, a wellness facility and healthclub. Moreover, residents can shop at Downtown Deli, a gourmet and convenience store located within The Residences lobby or relax and unwind at the state-of-the-art fitness facilities and elegant meeting spaces located on the Sky Lobbies on Levels 43 and 76. Parking For the convenience of residents and visitors, Burj Khalifa has 3,000 car parking spaces on two basement levels. The Offices A complement to The Corporate Suites is The Offices, a 12-storey annex with direct access to Burj Khalifa and The Dubai Mall. Parking spaces for The Offices will be offered at the mall and the tower for the convenience of tenants. The Club The Club is a four-storey health and recreation annex to Burj Khalifa spread over 22,000 sq ft. Although priority is given to Burj Khalifa residents, it is also open to the public. The extensive facilities include two luxurious pools – one indoor and one on the rooftop, two gymnasiums with a dedicated ladies-only gym and a contemporary spa facility. Armani/Pavilion An open-air venue designed to host events, the Armani/Pavilion provides spectacular views of The Dubai Fountain and is exclusively managed by Armani Hotel Dubai. The Park Burj Khalifa stands tall amidst The Park, an 11-hectare green oasis that surrounds the foot of the tower. The Park has six spectacular water features, lush green gardens and colorful flowering trees. As part of Burj Khalifa’s ‘green’ initiative, the landscaping is irrigated using a unique condensation collection system. Water condensation from the tower’s cooling equipment is recovered, providing an estimated 15 million gallons of water a year, enough to fill 20 Olympic-sized swimming pools. Celebrating the theme ‘A Tower in a Park,’ the landscaping of Burj Khalifa has distinct divisions that serve the tower’s hotel, residential, spa and corporate office areas. At the core of The Park’s design is a ‘water room’ located at the base of the tower defined by walls of dancing jets and pools. Water Features: The Park’s 11 hectares include seven, one-of-a-kind water features, designed by California-based WET, the creators of The Dubai Fountain and the Fountains of Bellagio in Las Vegas.
Design The contract to design the world’s tallest tower was awarded to the global leader in creating ultra-tall structures, the Chicago office of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM) with Adrian Smith as consulting design partner. The architecture features a triple-lobed footprint, an abstraction of the six-petalled desert flower, Hymenocallis. The tower is composed of three elements arranged around a central core. The modular, Y-shaped structure, with setbacks along each of its three wings, provides an inherently stable configuration for the structure and provides attractive floor plates for residential space. Twenty-six ‘helical’ levels decrease the cross-section of the tower incrementally as it spirals skyward. The central core emerges at the top and culminates in a sculpted spire. The Y-shaped floor plan maximizes views of the Arabian Gulf. Interiors The interior design of Burj Khalifa’s public areas was done by the Chicago office of SOM and was led by award-winning designer Nada Andric. It features glass, timber, stainless steel and polished dark stones, together with silver travertine flooring, Venetian stucco walls, handmade rugs and stone flooring.
Burj Khalifa is truly the product of international collaboration; over 60 consultants including 30 on-site contracting companies from around the world were involved in the project. At the peak of construction, over 12,000 professionals and skilled workers from more than 100 countries were on site every day. The world’s fastest high-capacity construction hoists, with a speed of up to 2 m/sec (120 meters/min), were used to move men and materials. Over 45,000 cubic meters (1.59 million cubic ft) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes, were used to construct the concrete and steel foundations, which feature 192 piles buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Burj Khalifa employs a record-breaking 330,000 cubic m (11.6 million cubic ft) of concrete; 39,000 m/t of reinforced steel; 103,000 sq m (1.1 million sq ft) of glass; 15,500 sq m (166,800 sq ft) of embossed stainless steel; and the tower took 22 million man-hours to build. The amount of reinforced steel used at the tower, would if laid end to end extend over a quarter of the way around the world. The concrete used is equivalent to a sidewalk of 1,900 kilometers (1,200 miles) in length, and the weight of 100,000 elephants. The weight of the empty building is 500,000 tonnes. Work on the exterior cladding of Burj Khalifa began in May 2007 and was completed in September 2009. The vast project involved more than 380 skilled engineers and on-site technicians. At the initial stage of installation the team progressed at the rate of about 20 to 30 panels per day, before increasing to as many as 175 panels per day. The tower accomplished a world record for the highest installation of an aluminum and glass façade, at a height of 512 meters (1,679.8 ft). The total weight of aluminum used on Burj Khalifa is equivalent to that of five A380 aircraft, and the total length of stainless steel ‘bull nose’ fins is 293 times the height of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. Burj Khalifa’s high-performance exterior cladding system is designed to withstand the UAE’s summer temperatures. In all, the 24,348 cladding panels cover a curtain wall area of 132,190 sq m, and Burj Khalifa’s shimmering exterior minimizes heat transmission and saves energy. In November 2007, the highest reinforced concrete core walls were pumped using 80 megapascals (MPa) concrete from ground level. The concrete was pumped to a height of 605 meters (1,971.8 ft), breaking the previous pumping record held by Taipei 101. The concrete pressure during pumping to this level was nearly 200 bars